富平县2023年小麦春季肥水管理指导意见
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 247, 230); line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">春季是小麦苗情转化和生长发育的重要时段，也是肥水技术管理的关键时期。为切实加强春季小麦肥水管理，坚持“分类施策、因墒灌溉、防寒防冻”的原则，构建科学群体结构，夯实夏粮丰产基础，特制定以下小麦春季肥水管理指导意见，以供参考。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 247, 230); line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(212, 250, 0);">一、科学施肥，促苗转化升级。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一类苗要促控结合，突出氮肥后移，在拔节期结合灌水亩追施尿素</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6-8</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">公斤，促穗大粒多，提质增效;二类苗重点是促进春季分蘖生长，提高成穗率。一般在返青期结合灌水亩追施尿素</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">8-10</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">公斤；三类苗返青期结合灌水亩追施尿素</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4-6 公斤，磷酸二铵</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">8-10公斤，拔节期结合灌水或降雨亩追施尿素</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6-8</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">公斤；对稠旺苗，返青至拔节前叶面喷施植物生长调节剂，控制旺长；旱地小麦的一、二类苗结合降水亩追施尿素</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4-6 公斤，三类苗利用降水时亩追施尿素 6-8 公斤、拔节期亩追施尿素4-6 公斤。对缺锌白化麦田，在拔节至扬花期叶面喷施浓度0.2-0.4%的锌肥1-2 次；受冻麦田一般亩施尿素6-8</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">公斤，磷酸二铵</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">8-10公斤，促进分蘖成穗，拔节期再酌情追施氮肥或氮磷复合肥，提高穗粒数。根外追肥：</span></span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体;">叶面喷施腐殖酸、黄腐酸等植物营养调节剂，促进中、小分蘖的迅速生长和潜伏芽的快发，增加小麦穗粒</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 宋体;">数和粒重，减少产量损失。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 247, 230); line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(212, 250, 0);">二、因墒灌溉，科学用水管理。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">小麦返青后需水量增加，拔节期至扬花期为小麦需水的高峰期，孕穗期是需水临界期。当</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">0-20 cm土壤相对含水量返青期低于 60%、拔节孕穗期低于 70%、抽穗扬花期低于65%应及时适量补灌。大力推广“小白龙”软管输水浇灌+小畦或窄畦灌溉、微喷灌、喷灌等节水灌溉技术。其中返青、拔节期一、二类苗小畦或窄畦灌溉</span> <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">50-60 方/亩，微喷灌、喷灌 25-30方/亩；三类苗小畦或窄畦灌溉60-70方/亩，微喷灌、喷灌 30-35 方/亩。孕穗期地面灌溉 35-40方/亩。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 247, 230); line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(212, 250, 0);">三、精准用药，科学防控病虫草害。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">春季是病虫草害多发季节，要及早动手，做好综合防治。对冬前没有化除的麦田，在返青至拔节前及时化除。使用除草剂的前后两天不可大水漫灌，5天内若遇寒流，禁止施药，以防出现药害。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(254, 247, 230); line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(212, 250, 0);">四、关注天气，科学防寒防冻。</span></strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">春季气温不稳，“倒春寒”时有发生。一是避免小麦受寒受冻。要密切关注天气预报，遇气温急剧下降时，可在日气温不低于3℃灌水 20-30 方/亩，以增加耕层土壤热量储备，防止地温急剧下降。二是如已发生冻害及时调查幼苗幼穗受冻情况，通过追施氮肥、叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾或植物营养调节剂等措施，分类施肥补救，促进其尽快恢复生长。三是化锄保墒，提高地温，增加有效分蘖数，弥补主茎损失。</span></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.dafuping.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_Yff" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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