彭辉 | 富平南湖书院主讲杨彬轶事
<p style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 20px;color: rgb(0, 122, 170)"><strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">富平南湖书院主讲杨彬轶事</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">文/彭辉</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 24px;margin-right: 3px;margin-bottom: 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(0, 128, 128);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 2px">富平老城南昔有南湖书院，始建于清乾隆三年<span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">（1738）</span>，占地六亩余，堂斋十八楹，南依善良原，北面稻地泉，湖光山色，风光秀丽，是为清代富平首座旨在讲学授业、科举备考、研究儒学的民间书院。先后聘请乾隆丙辰科进士原任山东兰山知县<strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">唐若时</strong>、乾隆乙卯科举人原任江西长宁知县<strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">窦凤辉</strong>、江苏武进籍举人<strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">管世铭</strong>（后考中进士、官至军机章京）、道光辛卯科举人<strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">田发甲</strong>、道光间副榜<strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">王兰谷</strong>、道光丙戌科进士原任湖南兴宁、宁远、湘阴、保靖、慈利知县<strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">杨彬</strong>、咸丰辛亥科举人<strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">何文蔚</strong>（后升任甘肃陇州学正）等儒学名宿、文坛哲匠为山长或主讲，教泽洋溢，人才辈出，享誉关中。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"></p><p style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(0, 128, 128);letter-spacing: 2px;font-size: 16px">清代县志有关南湖书院山长或主讲间有略述，唯缺杨彬主讲南湖书院记载。笔者探访先贤故里，偶见其后裔手抄《墓志》云：<strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">“归即主谐南湖书院，时从游者极一时之隽，至房舍几不能容，数年掇时于紫者累累不绝，皆先生学问之余，淑己以智人者也。”</strong>可见杨公主讲南湖书院时名气很大。本文补叙杨公为官治学二三轶事，以窥先贤为人之道与绝学之貌。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(0, 128, 128);letter-spacing: 2px;font-size: 16px">杨彬，字升雅，号杏轩，富平县流曲镇梅家庄人，世以诗书传家，祖父杨勬，以监生考授州同知；父杨翊清，岁贡生，候铨未仕。<strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">“先生生而颖异，下笔绝尘氛。”</strong>后拜师本县拔贡王爱兰门下进学，深得要诀。清道光五年<span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">（1825）乡试考取第4名，会试贡士第104名，道光六年殿试三甲进士第101名，钦点即用知县。署兴宁、补宁远、调慈利等县，前后任知县11年，</span><strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">“除积弊、雪冤狱、培士习、厚民生”</strong>，颇有建树。值得一提的是：清乾隆壬午<span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">（1762）</span>至道光戊申<span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">（1848）</span>76年间，富平籍进士有三人，其中两人同属流曲梅家庄杨氏家族，即嘉庆甲戌科进士杨树年（字佩之，号芝园）、道光丙戌科进士杨彬。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(0, 128, 128);letter-spacing: 2px;font-size: 16px">杨公为官清廉，政绩斐然。且治学严谨，素以文名，训课善诱，独具慧眼。任湖南湘阴知县期间，本县举人李星沅（字石梧）、长沙举人陈本钦（字尧农）慕名拜谒先生门下求教，<strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">“先生阅其文曰：‘公等羽丰满，蓄其力即破壁飞去矣！’越年</strong>（意为次年，即道光十二年）<strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">皆成进士，吉入词馆分部曹</strong>（指入选朝廷部门任职）<strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">。盖先生不经许人，许无不酬，如操卷焉。一时之间，闻者争欲出先生门下</strong>（引自《墓志》，下同）<strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: 楷体;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">。”</span></strong>李星沅官至陕西巡抚，曾国藩尊其为前辈，并多有诗赞褒之。陈本钦官至工部员外郎，左宗棠与其交往颇深。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(0, 128, 128);letter-spacing: 2px;font-size: 16px">道光十一年（辛卯科）、十二年（壬辰科），杨公先后两次出任湖南乡试同考官，<strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">“所拔欋皆知名士。”</strong><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">是年，长沙生员左宗棠乡试初选未中，杨公在落选生员试卷“搜遗”中，发现左宗棠的试卷立意高远，与众不同，实为难能可贵之才，遂录取为道光壬辰科举人。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-indent: 2em;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(0, 128, 128);letter-spacing: 2px;font-size: 16px">杨公生性沉厚寡言，不乐世俗，不喜迎逢，仕途屡不得志。<strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">“乃以律身过严，不轻随俗，积忤大吏，罢归。归即主谐南湖书院。”</strong>杨公讲学南湖书院，始于清道光十八年<span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: 微软雅黑;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">（1838），时年51岁。先生才华横溢，德高望重，严谨治学，传经授徒，乐此不疲。闲暇之余勤于笔耕，著有《绿槐轩集》文稿，未刊失遗。杨公辞世后，原任广东按察使、蒲城人王增谦题赠“硕德犹存匾”，盛赞杨公留世英名。清同治初，左宗棠出任陕甘总督，曾在杨彬故里梅家庄树功德碑一通，以感念先生知遇之恩。（2022.06.21草于北京）</span></span></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.dafuping.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_K5H" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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