富平县2024年小麦春季管理意见
<p></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-lazy-bgimg="https://www.dafuping.cn/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/DGjQIz9y4Qszo0piaJIWyBia8lK3h3fL5ibISrPKhOC7IR9fiaoiabzAZCIice5oqYW6INn45yXpXsu8XsCOWPBdoRZQ/640?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 400px; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 100%; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: url(https://www.dafuping.cn/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/DGjQIz9y4Qszo0piaJIWyBia8lK3h3fL5ibISrPKhOC7IR9fiaoiabzAZCIice5oqYW6INn45yXpXsu8XsCOWPBdoRZQ/640?wx_fmt=png);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 29px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 400px; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; background-color: rgba(239, 249, 247, 0.79); height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; line-height: 2; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 20px;">富平县2024年小麦春季管理意见</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;">目前，全县小麦已逐步进入返青期，是春季麦田管理的关键时期，去年秋播受阴雨天气影响，小麦播期较常年推迟7-10天，导致苗情复杂多样，总体苗情较常年偏弱。今年春季管理原则以促为主，因苗因地，分类施策，合理调控肥水，促进苗情转化升级，促弱转壮。具体做法如下：</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一、镇压划锄、保墒增温</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;">返青前后是镇压划锄的重要时期，镇压可压碎土块，弥封裂缝，沉实冬季冻融疏松的土壤，改善墒情，使土壤与根系密接起来，有利于根系吸收养分；特别是无灌溉条件的旱地麦田，要适时镇压。镇压要把握三个原则，<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一是</strong>压软不压硬；<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">二是</strong>压干不压湿；<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">三是</strong>压旺不压弱。采取镇压和划锄结合进行，先压后锄，达到土壤上松下实、提墒保墒增温、抗旱、促苗早发的作用。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 17px;">二、因地因苗，科学运筹肥水</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;">坚持分类管理原则，科学运筹肥水，促苗情升级、促弱转壮、促蘖增穗。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;">一类麦田：防旺长促壮苗，要促控结合，起身后期至拔节期因墒灌水追肥，一般结合浇水亩施尿素3—5公斤。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;">二类麦田：田间管理重点是促进春季分蘖快速生长，促进冬季分蘖形成壮蘖，确保在拔节期田间总茎数达到合理群体，提高成穗率。一般在小麦起身期进行肥水管理，结合灌水亩追尿素8-10公斤左右，二铵3-5公斤。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;">三类麦田：多属于弱苗，播种较晚，冬前分蘖不足，春季管理应以促根增蘖为主，尽量避免早春浇水导致降低地温而延缓麦苗生长发育，应在返青期追肥灌水，亩施尿素5-6公斤和磷酸二铵7-8公斤，促根增蘖，促弱转壮。据气象部门预测，我县近期有雨雪天气，对旱地或是灌区弱苗田块可趁雨（雪）追肥以促进小麦生长。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;">旺长麦田：一是适时镇压。返青前期采取镇压（顶凌耙糖）或深锄断根，抑制分蘖滋生，旺长严重地块可镇压2-3次，镇压时要在无霜天上午10时以后开始，注意有霜冻时麦田不压，以免损伤麦苗。也可在起身期进行化学调控，喷施多效唑或麦巨金等化学控旺剂，预防后期倒伏；二是推迟春季肥水管理，在拔节前期或中期追肥浇水，冬前过旺麦田，返青后有脱肥现象，一般亩施尿素3—5公斤，防止旺苗转弱苗。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;">受冻麦田：对于越冬期受冻麦田，应在返青前期视苗情及时追肥，一般亩施尿素8～10公斤，增强植株营养，快速恢复生长。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 17px;">三、精准用药，科学防控病虫草害</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;">春季是病虫草害多发季节，要及早动手，综合防治。对冬前没有进行化学除草的麦田，春季在小麦返青至拔节前当日平均气温稳定在10℃以后，选择晴好天气于上午10点至下午4点，及时化学除草，做到不漏喷不重喷。根据麦田杂草种类选用不同的除草剂，阔叶型杂草（如荠菜、播娘蒿、麦家公、婆婆纳等）可选用唑草·苯磺隆、唑草·2甲4氯钠、唑草·双氟磺草胺；禾本科杂草野燕麦、节节麦等发生严重田块，可选用甲基二磺隆加保护剂；对多花黑麦草发生严重田块，选用唑林·炔草酯和双氟·唑草酮（唑草·苯磺隆）混合喷雾，喷雾要细致均匀，每亩兑水30公斤。使用除草剂的前后两天不可大水漫灌，同时注意施药前后5天的天气变化，若遇寒流，禁止施药，以防出现药害。同时兼顾做好小麦返青后条锈病、红蜘蛛、纹枯病、茎基腐病等病虫害的防治工作，采取预防为主，防控结合手段，做到及早防治，压低中后期病虫基数。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;">四、密切关注天气变化，预防春季冻害</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;">早春冻害是对小麦生产危害较为严重的气候性灾害。要密切关注天气变化，预防“倒春寒”引起冻害。预防早春冻害要结合天气预报，在寒潮来临前一是以水调温。降温之前及时灌水改善墒情，调节近地面小气候，防御冻害；二是喷施生长调节剂，可用氨基酸300-500倍液喷施或1500倍芸苔素＋500倍磷酸二氢钾进行喷施；三是以肥促长。寒潮过后及时调查受冻情况，对遭受冻害的麦田，加强水肥管理，促进恢复生长。早春一旦发生麦田倒春寒冻害，补救措施：一是适量追肥，快速补充植株营养，促进生长。二是及时适时浇水，平衡植株水分状况，使受害植株尽快恢复，促小分尽快生长。三是中耕保墒，提高地温。四是喷施植物生长调节剂，促进中、小分蘖的迅速生长和潜伏芽的快发，增加小麦穗粒数和粒重，减少损失。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; font-size: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">来源：</strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px;">富平县农业技术推广中心</span></p></section><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.dafuping.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_oeb" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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