技术指导 | 关注小麦根茎部病害发生动态，切实做好防治工作
<section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="41269" style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><section style="margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><section style=";padding: 2px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);width: 40px;transform: rotate(0deg)"></section><section style=";padding: 8px 0px 0px 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;border-top: 1px solid rgb(255, 201, 86);border-left: 1px solid rgb(255, 201, 86);border-top-left-radius: 13px"><section style=";padding: 15px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(250, 249, 247);border-radius: 13px;transform: rotate(0deg)"><section style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.75"><section style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><section style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"> <span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">由于去年小麦播种普遍偏晚，全县苗情较常年偏弱，抗病性差，加之进入</span> 2月中下旬以来，我县出现了持续低温雨雪天气，<span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">田间土壤湿度大，温度低，有利于小麦苗期病害发生，尤其是小麦纹枯病、茎基腐病和根腐病。根部病害会造成苗期植株黄化，生长缓慢，后期影响抽穗灌浆。根据植保站监测调查，部分田块根茎部病害已显症，且发病程度有进一步加重态势。为此，广大种植户要密切关注小麦根部病害发生动态，在小麦返青拔节期，当病株率达到10%以上时，及时开展药剂防治，控制病害蔓延扩散。</span></span></section><section style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体"><br style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"/></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"> <span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(61, 167, 66);text-align: center">小麦纹枯病</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><br style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"></p><section style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(61, 167, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"> 小麦茎基腐病</span></section><section style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><br style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"/></section><section style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px">一、发生特点</span></strong></section><section style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px">1、小麦纹枯病又称立枯病，尖眼病，从小麦播种到生长后期均可发病，主要危害植株基部的叶鞘和茎秆。小麦播种发芽后受侵染，芽鞘变褐，腐烂死亡，即造成烂芽。小麦纹枯病苗期发病初期，主要在小麦3-4叶期在第一叶鞘接近地表处出现边缘褐色，中间淡白色或灰白色、多为梭形或椭圆形病斑。发病严重时病斑向内侧发展延及茎秆，茎基部第一、二节间变黑至腐烂，导致植株死亡。</span></section><section style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px">2、小麦茎基腐病在苗期侵染芽鞘，芽鞘变褐，随着植株生长逐步向上、向内扩展，侵染茎秆和上部叶鞘，造成烂茎。</span></section><section style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px">3、小麦根腐病侵染幼苗后，在芽鞘和地下茎上初生浅褐色条斑，后变褐色，另外，幼苗近地面叶片上还散生长圆形或不规则形褐色病斑，严重时病叶变黄枯死。</span></section><section style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px">三种病害若田间湿度高，病斑发展深入茎秆，后期均可导致植株抽不出穗或者形成枯白穗。</span></section><section style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px;text-indent: 2em">二、防治措施</span></strong></section><section style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px">防</span></strong><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px"> 1、及早追施化肥，促进弱苗转壮。可结合春灌<span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">亩追施尿素8 kg～10kg，晚播或弱苗田可适量增施磷钾肥。</span></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px">2、<span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important">科学药剂防治，抑制病情扩散。可选用10%苯醚甲环唑悬浮剂10ml，或30%丙硫菌唑油悬浮剂15ml，或43%戊唑醇悬浮剂20ml，或30%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂5ml，或25%氰烯菌酯悬浮剂150ml，每亩兑水20kg～30kg均匀喷洒于小麦根茎部。同时可加入5%氨基寡糖素20g和0.3%磷酸二氢钾80g混合喷雾，达到增强植株免疫力、抗寒、抗病力，培育壮苗的多重效果。</span></span></p><section style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px">施</span></strong><strong style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px">药</span><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px">三、注意事项</span></strong></section><section style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px">1、要按照农药的推荐剂量，采用二次稀释法配制农药，充分搅拌均匀后进行喷洒。</span></section><section style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px">2、选用高效施药器械，施药时调低喷头高度和方向，适当加大用水量（用水量不低于30公斤/亩），重点喷施小麦茎基部，确保防治效果。</span></section><section style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><span style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 16px">3、发病较重的田块可在本次药后7天～10天再喷药1次。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 0 0px 40px;padding: 0;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><br style=";padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"/></section><section style="margin: 0px 0 0px 40px;padding: 0;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important"><br style=";padding: 0px;outline: 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