什么是县城的“公务员经济”？｜我们的钱
<p data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io" style="margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span data-docs-delta="[,,,,,,,,]" data-copy-origin="https://shimo.im" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p><br/></p><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em;"><section data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 12px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; width: 578px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center;"><section data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center; flex-direction: column; width: 554px;"><section data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center; flex-direction: column; width: 554px;"><section data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 2px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(128, 178, 164); border-bottom-color: rgb(128, 178, 164); border-left-style: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; width: 554px;"><section data-mid="" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 12px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background: rgba(128, 178, 164, 0.216); width: 554px;"><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">今年春节，一些回乡的年轻人发现，自己在大城市辛苦打拼后消费降级，呆在县城老家的发小却能买黄金开宝马，旋即感慨</span><a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI1NDY5NDM3OQ==&mid=2247981671&idx=1&sn=b8722f5ace26981f942191729a50608e&scene=21#wechat_redirect" data-linktype="2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; color: var(--weui-LINK); text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-user-drag: none; cursor: pointer; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“北漂十年，不如县城中产”</a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></section><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"></span></section><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></section><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">随后，“<span class="wx_text_underline" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2px; outline: 0px; cursor: pointer; background: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width=8 height=2 viewBox=0 0 8 2 fill=none xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%3E%3Cpath d=M3.25 1.5H0.75C0.335786 1.5 0 1.16421 0 0.75C0 0.335786 0.335786 0 0.75 0H3.25C3.66421 0 4 0.335786 4 0.75C4 1.16421 3.66421 1.5 3.25 1.5Z fill=%2307C160 fill-opacity=0.5/%3E%3C/svg%3E%0A) 0px 100% / auto 2px repeat-x transparent; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">县城婆罗门”和“公务员经济</span>”两个词在舆论中脱颖而出。前者讽刺性地挪用了印度的种姓制度，意指“县城有钱”并不具备普惠性，而是依托体制和裙带关系所形成的“门阀经济”；后者更是指出了一些地方产业结构单一，只能依靠转移支付的财政供养体制内人群，而他们在本地的消费带动了“吃喝玩乐”的兴盛，也形成了“县城有钱”的错觉。</span></section><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></section><section mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">所谓“公务员经济”，是在怎样的财政背景下形成的？一个地方的经济活力，能靠“县城婆罗门”拉动吗？这些词在挑动公众神经的同时又有怎样的遮蔽性？和一个由多元商业网络编织的经济模式相比，过分依赖转移支付和政府投入的模式又有哪些隐忧？希望通过本文，你能有一个背景和数据上的认知。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: right; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: var(--articleFontsize); letter-spacing: 0.034em;"></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: right; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span data-docs-delta="[,,]" data-copy-origin="https://shimo.im" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p line="cb8K" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 13px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); letter-spacing: 1px;">文｜李厚辰</span></p><p line="uib9" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 13px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); letter-spacing: 1px;">编辑｜阳少</span></p><p line="uib9" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span data-copy-origin="https://shimo.im" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><h3 style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-weight: 400; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p></h3><h3 style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-weight: 400; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(128, 178, 164);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">什么是“公务员经济”？</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p></h3><p line="VZHm" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span class="wx_text_underline" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2px; outline: 0px; cursor: pointer; background: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width=8 height=2 viewBox=0 0 8 2 fill=none xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%3E%3Cpath d=M3.25 1.5H0.75C0.335786 1.5 0 1.16421 0 0.75C0 0.335786 0.335786 0 0.75 0H3.25C3.66421 0 4 0.335786 4 0.75C4 1.16421 3.66421 1.5 3.25 1.5Z fill=%2307C160 fill-opacity=0.5/%3E%3C/svg%3E%0A) 0px 100% / auto 2px repeat-x transparent; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2023年有一个显著的现象，代表着社会路径选择的转变。考研报名人数在增长八年后下降了36万，为438万；而公务员报名人数大涨，仅国考报名人数就突破300万。与报名人数增长相匹配的，还有招录人数的扩张：2023年各省公务员扩招17%；而刚刚举办的省考，也有450万人报名角逐15万个岗位，两项数据均为历史之最。</span></span></p><p line="VZHm" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="mKI9" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">此外，央企国企、事业单位体系以及与政府雇员相关的各种临时工也大幅度扩招，在就业形势严峻的背景下，营造出一种“社会冷，政府热”的局面，也因此衍生了“公务员经济”这一提法，即一个地方依靠财政雇员收入支撑消费的情况。</span></p><p line="mKI9" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="dQeW" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">当一个县\市的财政雇员（公务员、事业单位、国企、编外人员）的人数与工资支出达到一定比例，且该数额与该地区的总消费支出相当，我们就产生了一个假设，即地方消费和经济的“活水”已经不来源于市场，而是来源于政府雇员的工资了，这就叫“公务员经济”。</span></p><p line="dQeW" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="jgeG" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">而在“公务员经济”这个概念流行的同时，国家明显意识到财政供养体系过大带来的负担，也在全国进行编外人员的优化裁撤，比如人口小县的编制改革与部门合并等等。很明显，不管是个人路径选择还是整体经济，我们都来到一个重要的十字路口。</span></p><p line="jgeG" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="OwOp" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span class="wx_text_underline" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2px; outline: 0px; cursor: pointer; background: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width=8 height=2 viewBox=0 0 8 2 fill=none xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%3E%3Cpath d=M3.25 1.5H0.75C0.335786 1.5 0 1.16421 0 0.75C0 0.335786 0.335786 0 0.75 0H3.25C3.66421 0 4 0.335786 4 0.75C4 1.16421 3.66421 1.5 3.25 1.5Z fill=%2307C160 fill-opacity=0.5/%3E%3C/svg%3E%0A) 0px 100% / auto 2px repeat-x transparent; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这里面涉及几个重要的“数量级”，例如政府雇员与城市常住人口的比例，雇员支出与总消费量的关系，城市经济活动中政府与社会的分配比重。以及这其中的财政负担，是咬咬牙就能坚持的那种？还是短期内就难以为继？</span></span></p><p line="OwOp" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="jAvG" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">为了让这些数量级的关系可以更明晰地呈现出来，我们可以选取两个地区来进行对比与分析。</span></p><p line="jAvG" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="cs7d" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">电影《山河故人》</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(178, 178, 178);"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(178, 178, 178);"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(178, 178, 178);"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"></section><h3 style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-weight: 400; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(128, 178, 164);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">两种经济与社会样貌</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(150, 192, 181);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></strong></span></p></h3><p line="dzth" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">我选择的一是山西省忻州市河曲县，代表政府雇员庞大的传统县城，河曲县因此也是山西省两个开展人口小县机构改革试点的县之一。从2021年开始，该县大刀阔斧地进行改革，将36个党政机构精简为22个、135 名领导职数精简为114名；将186个涉改事业单位整合为40个、1964名事业编制核减为659名，宣布“大部制”目标基本实现。</span></p><p line="dzth" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="0xQH" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">但由于河曲县的财政公开数据缺乏细节，所以我将河曲县所在的忻州市作为对比指标，忻州市是传统的煤矿业城市，发展的是煤矿焦化，冶金等相关产业。</span></p><p line="0xQH" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="cfu1" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">为了让差距不过于悬殊，我找到的另一个对象是已经跌出全国百强县、在2022年长三角百强县中排名53的绍兴市新昌县。新昌县以轴承工业闻名，全县大小600余家民营轴承企业，是典型的东部民营经济制造业县城。</span></p><p line="cfu1" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="19N4" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span class="wx_text_underline" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2px; outline: 0px; cursor: pointer; background: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width=8 height=2 viewBox=0 0 8 2 fill=none xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%3E%3Cpath d=M3.25 1.5H0.75C0.335786 1.5 0 1.16421 0 0.75C0 0.335786 0.335786 0 0.75 0H3.25C3.66421 0 4 0.335786 4 0.75C4 1.16421 3.66421 1.5 3.25 1.5Z fill=%2307C160 fill-opacity=0.5/%3E%3C/svg%3E%0A) 0px 100% / auto 2px repeat-x transparent; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">忻州市和新昌县代表了两种典型的中国县市样本——中部能源产业与东部制造业</span>。因为是市与县的对比，二者规模是不同的，忻州市常住人口265万，而新昌县常住人口42万，前者是后者的6.3倍。这个倍数是重要的对比基准，我们可以由此顺着看一系列的数据。</span></p><p line="19N4" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="WkgO" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">忻州市以6.3倍的人口规模，实现的GDP规模仅是新昌县的2.6倍。两相调整，按照人口规模，忻州市的收支和经济活动规模应该在新昌县的2.62倍左右（人口倍数6.3/人均GDP倍数2.4）。</span></p><p line="WkgO" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="b56o" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">两地的消费水平与经济水平相当，忻州市的“社会零售品零售总额”（即消费额）为新昌县的2.24倍。高财政供养比例并没有实现更有活力的消费水平。不仅整体消费不彰，房地产消费同样，前者的房地产领域投资水平仅是后者的1.5倍。</span></p><p line="b56o" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="b0dn" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px;">单位：亿元</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px;">数据来源：2023年两地政府工作报告（下同）</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></section><p line="BJXM" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">这样的情况自然与整体收入有关，而两地差异最大的数据便是“个人所得税”和人均GDP，新昌县的人均GDP反而是忻州市的2.4倍，忻州市的个人所得税仅仅是新昌县的50%，也展现出两地巨大的居民收入差异。</span></p><p line="BJXM" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="ueZO" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">个人所得税单位：亿元</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">人均GDP单位：元</span></section><p line="lv3Q" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="U3rY" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span class="wx_text_underline" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2px; outline: 0px; cursor: pointer; background: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width=8 height=2 viewBox=0 0 8 2 fill=none xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%3E%3Cpath d=M3.25 1.5H0.75C0.335786 1.5 0 1.16421 0 0.75C0 0.335786 0.335786 0 0.75 0H3.25C3.66421 0 4 0.335786 4 0.75C4 1.16421 3.66421 1.5 3.25 1.5Z fill=%2307C160 fill-opacity=0.5/%3E%3C/svg%3E%0A) 0px 100% / auto 2px repeat-x transparent; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">但在GDP为2.6倍，消费为2.2倍，个人所得税仅有一半的情况下，忻州市却实现了更高的经济活动规模：增值税水平达到了新昌县的4.6倍，固定资产投资达到后者的4.2倍，企业所得税达到其4.1倍，整体税收收入达到其4倍。这意味着该市的固定资产投资高，依靠资源行业刷出了更高的经济规模，但这规模更多分配向政府而非民间。</span></span></p><p line="U3rY" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="2KuP" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px;">单位：亿元</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></section><p line="oA0j" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">相应地，忻州市政府管理成本也更高，公共服务支出为新昌县的5.7倍，而与编外人员招聘最相关的城乡社区支出，竟然高达后者的28倍。当然，在这个基础上，前者一定需要更大规模的转移支付才能够维持收支平衡，为后者的29倍。</span></p><p line="oA0j" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="NveE" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">单位：亿元</span></section><p line="3Wj3" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="80or" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">由此我们可以勾勒出的忻州市和新昌县所代表的两种经济与社会样貌：前者依托能源行业，经济集中程度高（企业所得税高）、更多依靠基建投资拉动（固定资产投资高）、政府汲取能力强（税收收入高），且政府支出大（公共服务支出高、城乡社区支出高、接受转移支付规模大）。</span></p><p line="80or" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="aFwG" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">但这样的规模并不能转化为消费能力（零售总额一般），也无法转化为对房地产的消费（房地产投资低），且更无法转化为居民收入水平（个人所得税极低）。</span></p><p line="aFwG" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="Ga9G" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">况且与县财政相比，市财政本来就有集中的优势。因此忻州市与新昌县的差距，只会比上面呈现出来的更大。<span class="wx_text_underline" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2px; outline: 0px; cursor: pointer; background: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width=8 height=2 viewBox=0 0 8 2 fill=none xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%3E%3Cpath d=M3.25 1.5H0.75C0.335786 1.5 0 1.16421 0 0.75C0 0.335786 0.335786 0 0.75 0H3.25C3.66421 0 4 0.335786 4 0.75C4 1.16421 3.66421 1.5 3.25 1.5Z fill=%2307C160 fill-opacity=0.5/%3E%3C/svg%3E%0A) 0px 100% / auto 2px repeat-x transparent; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这是一个资源分配倾向大型企业与政府、投资与生产，而非中小型企业、个人与消费的经济模式。</span></span></p><p line="Ga9G" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="QBq0" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">更可怕的是，继续维持这样的规模会从根本上改变政府与社会分配的模式。政府对大型企业的支持力度加大，因为他们可以贡献更具规模的利税，而对中小型企业普遍的减税降费则越来越少（国家发改委规划2022年减税降费规模在4.2万亿，而到2023年，随着政府财政压力加大，新增的减税降费骤减到1.5万亿）。地方财政的税务和非税汲取能力越来越强，在企业所得税和个人所得税普遍下降的背景下，税收收入却大幅上涨（2023年全国税收收入增长8.7%，同时企业所得税同比下降5.9%，个人所得税同比下降1％）。<span class="wx_text_underline" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2px; outline: 0px; cursor: pointer; background: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width=8 height=2 viewBox=0 0 8 2 fill=none xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%3E%3Cpath d=M3.25 1.5H0.75C0.335786 1.5 0 1.16421 0 0.75C0 0.335786 0.335786 0 0.75 0H3.25C3.66421 0 4 0.335786 4 0.75C4 1.16421 3.66421 1.5 3.25 1.5Z fill=%2307C160 fill-opacity=0.5/%3E%3C/svg%3E%0A) 0px 100% / auto 2px repeat-x transparent; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">社会财富的蛋糕越来越向政府而非社会倾斜。</span></span></p><p line="QBq0" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="2RuW" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">电影《江湖儿女》</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"></section><h3 style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-weight: 400; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(128, 178, 164);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">消费真可以靠“县城婆罗门”拉动吗？</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(128, 178, 164);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></strong></span></p></h3><p line="Ud5o" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">从上面的对比可以看出，大家戏称的“公务员经济”拉动县城消费，可能远比想象中的规模更小。因为县级规模财政体系的扩充，主要是为了控制失业率的指标。以中国青年报2021年</span><a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MDQ3MTEyMQ==&mid=2653332381&idx=1&sn=69691f4b3a3c6606030d91f400874529&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" ql-global="true" data-linktype="2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; color: var(--weui-LINK); text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-user-drag: none; cursor: pointer; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">报道</span></a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">的陕西佛坪县为例，截至2020年年底，全县“官民比”为1∶13，有各类编制2194名，而全县只有3万人。</span></p><p line="Ud5o" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="avDs" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">而半月谈在</span><a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5OTU4Nzc0Mg==&mid=2658883498&idx=1&sn=3f4459224d6a09febb678814fffc55a8&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" inline-dir="ltr" ql-global="true" data-linktype="2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; color: var(--weui-LINK); text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-user-drag: none; cursor: pointer; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">《1个正式工背后1.8个临时工：一个欠发达县的临聘人员之困》</span></a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">中给出了另一个数量参考。<span class="wx_text_underline" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2px; outline: 0px; cursor: pointer; background: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width=8 height=2 viewBox=0 0 8 2 fill=none xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%3E%3Cpath d=M3.25 1.5H0.75C0.335786 1.5 0 1.16421 0 0.75C0 0.335786 0.335786 0 0.75 0H3.25C3.66421 0 4 0.335786 4 0.75C4 1.16421 3.66421 1.5 3.25 1.5Z fill=%2307C160 fill-opacity=0.5/%3E%3C/svg%3E%0A) 0px 100% / auto 2px repeat-x transparent; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在乌蒙山区A县，该县当年保工资预算总支出为26.3亿元，其中在职人员20亿元，离退休人员1.7亿元，临聘人员4.6亿元。临聘人员总工资预算小于在职人员总工资预算的四分之一，但数量是后者的1.8倍。该县临聘人员人均年收入仅约1.61万元，人员总数约28806人；在职人员人均年收入约12.83万元，人员总数约15580人。</span></span></p><p line="avDs" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="l8vc" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">如此大规模的临时聘用人员，让县城财政支出被大幅度摊薄。非编制人员工资极低，根本没有拉动消费的可能，而这部分支出，又反过来压制了编制人员收入增长的可能性。近两年土地财政锐减，财政压力更大，中央持续强调”紧日子“，财政体系降薪、奖金停发成为主流。本就萎缩中的蛋糕要被更多人分享，每个人分到的都不会多。</span></p><p line="l8vc" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="MslN" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">因此，在诸多自媒体上挑动公众神经的“县城婆罗门”或“县城门阀”不过是为了强化焦虑和塑造公正张力被创造的概念。<span class="wx_text_underline" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2px; outline: 0px; cursor: pointer; background: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width=8 height=2 viewBox=0 0 8 2 fill=none xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%3E%3Cpath d=M3.25 1.5H0.75C0.335786 1.5 0 1.16421 0 0.75C0 0.335786 0.335786 0 0.75 0H3.25C3.66421 0 4 0.335786 4 0.75C4 1.16421 3.66421 1.5 3.25 1.5Z fill=%2307C160 fill-opacity=0.5/%3E%3C/svg%3E%0A) 0px 100% / auto 2px repeat-x transparent; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">实际情况下，恐怕除了极少数高收入者，“公务员经济”最严重的还不是“公正”问题，而是质量问题：财政供养体系维持的并不是一个贫富分化的县城，而是一个普遍中低收入的县城。</span></span></p><p line="MslN" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="C3aX" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">依靠财政供养产生的就业会带来恶性循环。大家有没有想过，民营经济为何在拉动就业的数量上大大超过国有经济模式？实际上，民营经济拉动就业的真正原因在于多样化、流动性和充分竞争。</span></p><p line="C3aX" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="0BMe" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">十家各有不同的咖啡厅，比一家连锁咖啡厅开十家店，会使用更多的人手，拉动更多的就业。这还不仅仅在其企业内部，产业链上下游的所有环境也会因此受益，例如装修、设计、原料供应，都提供了更多的商业机会，容纳了更多的就业。</span></p><p line="0BMe" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="j2AZ" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">并且，民营经济的就业宽进宽出，不会像财政供养体系需要维持招聘的刚性，所以民营经济总是招聘很多，也经常面临大规模裁员，而这种方式维持了劳动力的流动性。<span class="wx_text_underline" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2px; outline: 0px; cursor: pointer; background: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width=8 height=2 viewBox=0 0 8 2 fill=none xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%3E%3Cpath d=M3.25 1.5H0.75C0.335786 1.5 0 1.16421 0 0.75C0 0.335786 0.335786 0 0.75 0H3.25C3.66421 0 4 0.335786 4 0.75C4 1.16421 3.66421 1.5 3.25 1.5Z fill=%2307C160 fill-opacity=0.5/%3E%3C/svg%3E%0A) 0px 100% / auto 2px repeat-x transparent; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">劳动力的流动，就是经验、技能的流动，这本身大大优化了市场间要素的交流和配置。</span>此外，更多元的主体才带来更激烈的竞争，竞争会加速一个行业在多元方向的变化，这会进一步增加行业的多元性，让就业机会和空间增大。</span></p><p line="j2AZ" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="KEll" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">很多人认为是民营经济规模小，就业分散，集约效率低，因而这种就业模式并不是高效的模式，这种说法具有某种“大一统美学”的误导性。一个体系以相对单一、非竞争的、规模庞大但又匮乏的方式配置资源，其结果就是配置效率越来越低。具体到县域经济，就体现为对转移支付的规模需求越来越多，财政供养规模越来越大，居民平均则收入越来越低。</span></p><p line="KEll" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="zDsh" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">而这不仅会影响县城，还会影响我们每一个人。</span></p><p line="zDsh" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="nPey" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">电影《路边野餐》</span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178);"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178);"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178);"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178);"></span></section><h3 style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-weight: 400; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(128, 178, 164); font-size: 19px;">县域经济，不仅是县城的问题</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(128, 178, 164); font-size: 19px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></strong></p></h3><p line="yGas" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">我想阅读本文的读者，绝大多数都生活在城镇。这是什么样的数量级呢？截止到2021年底，我国的县和县级市共有1866个，占全国县级政区数量的65%左右，县城和县级市城区常住人口数量约2.5亿，占全国9.1亿城镇常住人口的近30%。北上广深四座城市大概有8500万人口，15座”新一线城市（成都、重庆、杭州、西安、武汉、苏州、郑州、南京、天津、长沙、东莞、宁波、佛山、合肥和青岛。）共拥有2亿人口。其他32座二线城市拥有人口2.4亿。在剩下的281座二线以下城市中，县域人口成为了主力。</span></p><p line="yGas" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">因此你可以设想三个“城镇中国”，首先是北上广深与新一线城市，这是最有活力的大都会，但其中北上广深的城市净流入人口已经几乎见顶，而新一线城市人口还在大幅流入。接着是其他省会城市与长三角、珠三角的城市群，维持着基本人口的稳定和一定的产业。然后是以县域人口为主的广大分散的地区，人口每年几乎都在流出，但依然维持着较大的规模。这三个“城镇中国”几乎维持1:1:1的人口数量，可以看作中国城镇的三架马车。正因如此，在2024年两会的工作报告中，关于一直强调的”新型城镇化“部分，就以县域经济作为核心，其中说到：</span></section><p line="PVvL" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><section style="margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span data-docs-delta="[,]" data-copy-origin="https://shimo.im" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span class="wx_text_underline" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2px; outline: 0px; cursor: pointer; background: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width=8 height=2 viewBox=0 0 8 2 fill=none xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%3E%3Cpath d=M3.25 1.5H0.75C0.335786 1.5 0 1.16421 0 0.75C0 0.335786 0.335786 0 0.75 0H3.25C3.66421 0 4 0.335786 4 0.75C4 1.16421 3.66421 1.5 3.25 1.5Z fill=%2307C160 fill-opacity=0.5/%3E%3C/svg%3E%0A) 0px 100% / auto 2px repeat-x transparent; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">把加快农业转移人口市民化摆在突出位置，深化户籍制度改革，完善“人地钱”挂钩政策，让有意愿的进城农民工在城镇落户，推动未落户常住人口平等享受城镇基本公共服务。培育发展县域经济，补齐基础设施和公共服务短板，使县城成为新型城镇化的重要载体。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p></span></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">这个政策当然看重的就是县城经济的低基数和潜力，将其当作新的增长点。但通过上面的对比，县域经济不仅无法成为“新的机会”，恐怕还在成为“财政负担”。前面我们对比的忻州市和新昌县，前者每年接收290亿净转移支付。至于全国，这笔钱在2023年达到了创记录的10万亿规模，占中央一般公共预算支出的比例高达72.38%。2023年，我国GDP为126万亿，而全国总税是18万亿。10万亿规模不仅巨大，且投入如逆水行舟，不进则退。</span></section><p line="WyXI" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="JjHc" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span class="wx_text_underline" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2px; outline: 0px; cursor: pointer; background: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width=8 height=2 viewBox=0 0 8 2 fill=none xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%3E%3Cpath d=M3.25 1.5H0.75C0.335786 1.5 0 1.16421 0 0.75C0 0.335786 0.335786 0 0.75 0H3.25C3.66421 0 4 0.335786 4 0.75C4 1.16421 3.66421 1.5 3.25 1.5Z fill=%2307C160 fill-opacity=0.5/%3E%3C/svg%3E%0A) 0px 100% / auto 2px repeat-x transparent; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">举个例子，我盈余8元，另外一人赤字10元，我向他转移8元，最后整体赤字2元，算基本维持。但如果我的盈余和他的盈余分别降低2元，看起来幅度不大，我盈余6元，他赤字12元，赤字规模马上增长300%，很多问题就会变得严峻。而我们现在面临的情况，不管是土地财政大幅萎缩、城投债到期和利息规模上涨，以及经济整体的压力，这个财政转移支付逆水行舟的游戏将变得危险。</span></span></p><p line="JjHc" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="DS2J" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">这不仅是县域的问题，也会让经济发达省份”挑起大梁“，为维持转移支付水平开足马力。大家可能看到如</span><a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5ODY2NDIyNQ==&mid=2652037233&idx=1&sn=641d47520ecb44e4f1fad2d2885eeac1&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" ql-global="true" data-linktype="2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; color: var(--weui-LINK); text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-user-drag: none; cursor: pointer; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">上一期</span></a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">所说的社保缴纳基数上涨，减费降税规模缩减，也就是说，这会改变另外两个“城镇中国”在政府和社会间的分配，让每个人“感到寒意”。</span></p><p line="DS2J" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="KNuJ" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">通过上面的分析，你可以明显感受到一种“无法面面俱到”的无奈。保短期就业和保转移支付下支撑的财政分配方式，就是一种维持财富在政府和社会间划分的体系。这样会伤害民营经济、增加税费负担、伤害消费。而如果维持另一端，则会伤害县域多达2.5亿人的就业与社会福利支出。但这两者不可能有任何一边放弃，前者涉及社会的根本稳定，在我国，尤其县乡地区社会保障水平较低的背景下，转移支付是社会稳定的基石；而消费与民营经济又涉及社会的根本活力和增长，尤其在固定资产投资和外贸都面临困境的情况下，经济活力更加依赖于内需。</span></p><p line="KNuJ" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></span></p><p line="43sD" linespacing="115" ql-global-para="true" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span class="wx_text_underline" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2px; outline: 0px; cursor: pointer; background: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width=8 height=2 viewBox=0 0 8 2 fill=none xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%3E%3Cpath d=M3.25 1.5H0.75C0.335786 1.5 0 1.16421 0 0.75C0 0.335786 0.335786 0 0.75 0H3.25C3.66421 0 4 0.335786 4 0.75C4 1.16421 3.66421 1.5 3.25 1.5Z fill=%2307C160 fill-opacity=0.5/%3E%3C/svg%3E%0A) 0px 100% / auto 2px repeat-x transparent; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">正是面临这个巨大的困境，我们才开始寄望于“颠覆性科技创新成果竞相涌现”，以寻求突破。</span>但这又谈何容易？不管是生活在哪个“城镇中国”，不管你是什么职业，你的钱包，又将在这难以两全的张力下，面临什么样的改变？</span></p></span></section><p><br/></p><p>来源： 青年志Youthology</p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.dafuping.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_B0x" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
页:
[1]