明朝时期富平人口的兴盛富平网富平县领先生活信息门户

富平头条 发表于 2024-7-2 19:30:09

明朝时期富平人口的兴盛

<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 43px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“户口息耗，关乎国计。”人口是社会存在发展的最基本要素，深刻影响着社会历史发展进程。富平，作为当前陕西省第一人口大县，从明代有县志记载以来，全县人口随着自然环境、社会经济、政治、文化习俗等的变化而不断变迁。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 43px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在明洪武时期，1368年朱元璋在应天（南京）称帝，建元“洪武”。朱元璋在位期间，下令农民归耕，“凡民田五亩至十亩者，栽桑、麻、木棉各半亩，十亩以上倍之”；奖励垦荒，对北方郡县荒芜田地免税三年；大搞移民屯田和军屯，实行了“洪武大移民”，充实中原等区域人口；组织各地农民兴修水利，强化基础设施保障，为生产生活打下了坚实基础。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 43px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 43px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">朱元璋还组织制定《大明集礼》，钦定《<span class="wx_search_keyword_wrap" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: var(--weui-LINK); cursor: pointer;">洪武正韵<em class="wx_search_keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: super; font-size: 10px; width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; -webkit-mask-position: 50% 50%; -webkit-mask-repeat: no-repeat; -webkit-mask-size: 100%; background-color: var(--weui-LINK); -webkit-mask-image: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg width=12 height=12 viewBox=0 0 12 12 fill=none xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%3e%3cpath fill-rule=evenodd clip-rule=evenodd d=M7.60772 8.29444C7.02144 8.73734 6.29139 9 5.5 9C3.567 9 2 7.433 2 5.5C2 3.567 3.567 2 5.5 2C7.433 2 9 3.567 9 5.5C9 6.28241 8.74327 7.00486 8.30946 7.5877C8.3183 7.59444 8.3268 7.60186 8.33488 7.60994L10.4331 9.70816L9.726 10.4153L7.62777 8.31704C7.62055 8.30983 7.61387 8.30228 7.60772 8.29444ZM8 5.5C8 6.88071 6.88071 8 5.5 8C4.11929 8 3 6.88071 3 5.5C3 4.11929 4.11929 3 5.5 3C6.88071 3 8 4.11929 8 5.5Z fill=%23576B95/%3e%3c/svg%3e);">》，兴建学校、选拔学官，重视科举和翻译。设立“养济院”，为无家可归的贫民提供生活所需，规定“民年七十以上者，许令一子侍养，免其差役。”这一系列措施，使得社会生产逐渐恢复和发展，整个洪武时期百姓充实，府库衍溢，国力迅速增长，被称为“洪武之治”，为明朝近三百年的历史奠定了基础。据明万历十二年《富平县志·田赋志》记载：“在洪武间，户五千一百三十，口六万五千二百三十五。”<section style="text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">         <span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 65); font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 43px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">明成祖永乐时期<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 43px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，政治上完善了<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 43px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">文官制度<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 43px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，将明朝的首都正式迁到北京，在地方设置行省或管理司等管辖架构；经济上大力发展农业，兴修水利，疏通<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 43px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">大运河<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 43px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，减轻税负 ；军事上多次亲征<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 43px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">漠北<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 43px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 43px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">南征安南<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 43px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">；提倡文教，命人编纂了《<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 43px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">永乐大典<em class="wx_search_keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: super; font-size: 10px; width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; -webkit-mask-position: 50% 50%; -webkit-mask-repeat: no-repeat; -webkit-mask-size: 100%; background-color: var(--weui-LINK); -webkit-mask-image: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg width=12 height=12 viewBox=0 0 12 12 fill=none xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%3e%3cpath fill-rule=evenodd clip-rule=evenodd d=M7.60772 8.29444C7.02144 8.73734 6.29139 9 5.5 9C3.567 9 2 7.433 2 5.5C2 3.567 3.567 2 5.5 2C7.433 2 9 3.567 9 5.5C9 6.28241 8.74327 7.00486 8.30946 7.5877C8.3183 7.59444 8.3268 7.60186 8.33488 7.60994L10.4331 9.70816L9.726 10.4153L7.62777 8.31704C7.62055 8.30983 7.61387 8.30228 7.60772 8.29444ZM8 5.5C8 6.88071 6.88071 8 5.5 8C4.11929 8 3 6.88071 3 5.5C3 4.11929 4.11929 3 5.5 3C6.88071 3 8 4.11929 8 5.5Z fill=%23576B95/%3e%3c/svg%3e);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 43px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">》，完善了<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 43px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">科举制度<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 43px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，使得天下大治、国家富强、疆域辽阔，开创了“永乐盛世”。此时，据明万历十二年《富平县志·田赋志》记载：“至永乐间，户五千一百五十有四，口七万六千四百有九。”县域人口得到了稳步增长。</section><section style="text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">         <span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 65); font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 43px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">明朝中后期<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 43px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，土地兼并严重，农民生活极苦，财政危机随之加重。1572年，<span class="wx_search_keyword_wrap" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: var(--weui-LINK); cursor: pointer;">明神宗<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 43px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">朱翊钧<em class="wx_search_keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: super; font-size: 10px; width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; -webkit-mask-position: 50% 50%; -webkit-mask-repeat: no-repeat; -webkit-mask-size: 100%; background-color: var(--weui-LINK); -webkit-mask-image: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg width=12 height=12 viewBox=0 0 12 12 fill=none xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%3e%3cpath fill-rule=evenodd clip-rule=evenodd d=M7.60772 8.29444C7.02144 8.73734 6.29139 9 5.5 9C3.567 9 2 7.433 2 5.5C2 3.567 3.567 2 5.5 2C7.433 2 9 3.567 9 5.5C9 6.28241 8.74327 7.00486 8.30946 7.5877C8.3183 7.59444 8.3268 7.60186 8.33488 7.60994L10.4331 9.70816L9.726 10.4153L7.62777 8.31704C7.62055 8.30983 7.61387 8.30228 7.60772 8.29444ZM8 5.5C8 6.88071 6.88071 8 5.5 8C4.11929 8 3 6.88071 3 5.5C3 4.11929 4.11929 3 5.5 3C6.88071 3 8 4.11929 8 5.5Z fill=%23576B95/%3e%3c/svg%3e);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 43px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">即位，年号万历，史称万历帝。明神宗时期，<span class="wx_search_keyword_wrap" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: var(--weui-LINK); cursor: pointer;">内阁首辅<em class="wx_search_keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: super; font-size: 10px; width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; -webkit-mask-position: 50% 50%; -webkit-mask-repeat: no-repeat; -webkit-mask-size: 100%; background-color: var(--weui-LINK); -webkit-mask-image: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg width=12 height=12 viewBox=0 0 12 12 fill=none xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%3e%3cpath fill-rule=evenodd clip-rule=evenodd d=M7.60772 8.29444C7.02144 8.73734 6.29139 9 5.5 9C3.567 9 2 7.433 2 5.5C2 3.567 3.567 2 5.5 2C7.433 2 9 3.567 9 5.5C9 6.28241 8.74327 7.00486 8.30946 7.5877C8.3183 7.59444 8.3268 7.60186 8.33488 7.60994L10.4331 9.70816L9.726 10.4153L7.62777 8.31704C7.62055 8.30983 7.61387 8.30228 7.60772 8.29444ZM8 5.5C8 6.88071 6.88071 8 5.5 8C4.11929 8 3 6.88071 3 5.5C3 4.11929 4.11929 3 5.5 3C6.88071 3 8 4.11929 8 5.5Z fill=%23576B95/%3e%3c/svg%3e);">张居正为挽救明王朝、缓和社会矛盾，以整顿吏治、发展经济、巩固边防等为主要内容，展开了一系列的改革，经济上行“<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 43px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一条鞭法<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 43px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”，在政治上<span class="wx_search_keyword_wrap" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: var(--weui-LINK); cursor: pointer;">整饬吏治<em class="wx_search_keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: super; font-size: 10px; width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; -webkit-mask-position: 50% 50%; -webkit-mask-repeat: no-repeat; -webkit-mask-size: 100%; background-color: var(--weui-LINK); -webkit-mask-image: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg width=12 height=12 viewBox=0 0 12 12 fill=none xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%3e%3cpath fill-rule=evenodd clip-rule=evenodd d=M7.60772 8.29444C7.02144 8.73734 6.29139 9 5.5 9C3.567 9 2 7.433 2 5.5C2 3.567 3.567 2 5.5 2C7.433 2 9 3.567 9 5.5C9 6.28241 8.74327 7.00486 8.30946 7.5877C8.3183 7.59444 8.3268 7.60186 8.33488 7.60994L10.4331 9.70816L9.726 10.4153L7.62777 8.31704C7.62055 8.30983 7.61387 8.30228 7.60772 8.29444ZM8 5.5C8 6.88071 6.88071 8 5.5 8C4.11929 8 3 6.88071 3 5.5C3 4.11929 4.11929 3 5.5 3C6.88071 3 8 4.11929 8 5.5Z fill=%23576B95/%3e%3c/svg%3e);">、任用贤臣，军事上防范抵御倭寇。万历帝在位头十五年，百事转苏、欣欣向荣，北方的“虏患”不再发生，东南的倭患业已绝迹，国家府库日见充实，商品经济空前繁荣社会风尚活泼开放，从而使暮气沉沉的大明王朝，出现了回光返照的最后一抹辉煌。后世称该时期为“万历中兴”。</section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 43px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 1px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">         正因为有“万历中兴”这样的短暂兴盛时期，明万历十二年《富平县志》才得以编纂刻印。根据明万历十二年《富平县志》记载：“又至万历间，今为户者五千六百八，为口者七万一百八，而畸零填籍者并计之。”县域人口相较明洪武时，户数增加了五百余户，人口增加了近六千人。</section> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.dafuping.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_ugS" id="wcn_editor_css"/>

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明朝时期富平人口的兴盛