富平头条 发表于 2024-11-3 20:33:15

闲说富平老城

<section style="margin:10px 0px;"><section style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; border-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" data-width="100%"><section style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(232, 73, 63); border-radius: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section><section style="width: 5px; height: 5px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(232, 73, 63); border-right: 1px solid rgb(232, 73, 63); float: left; border-top-color: rgb(232, 73, 63); border-left-color: rgb(232, 73, 63); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px; height: 5px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(232, 73, 63); border-left: 1px solid rgb(232, 73, 63); float: right; border-top-color: rgb(232, 73, 63); border-right-color: rgb(232, 73, 63); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;"></section></section><section style="padding-right: 4px; padding-left: 4px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(232, 73, 63); margin-top: -1px; margin-bottom: -1px; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;" data-width="100%"><section><section style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 2px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, system-ui, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(127, 127, 127);letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: normal;text-indent: 2em;">富平老县城,这座古城的前身叫窑桥寨。这是大自然为富平留下的宝地,四面风光优美,如诗如画,景色宜人。民歌曰:南门外风光好稻子莲花,北门外长流水桥上桥下,东门外窦村堡千家万家,西门外圣佛寺一座宝塔。这座古城奇特之处是城壁如刀削般的齐崖,被人们誉为“堑城”。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">老衙门旧址</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.8; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">历史上有汉冢、唐塔、朱打圈之说。所谓朱打圈,是指明太祖朱元璋为了巩固他的天下,内储外备,高筑城堡,以表长治久安。为此,各地兴修城墙成风。此前,元代驻守富平将领张思道为了抵御明军,在窑桥头以东这块高阜之地,筑墙围城,在此屯兵养马,取名“窑桥寨”。明大军临境时,张思道匆匆逃离此寨,明军顺利占领了窑桥寨,并作为县治所在地。老城与连城距离很近,一条不宽的沟壑将两城东西隔断。以县城西门坡为界,北段为炭市街,南段是与南关接壤的商业街,所以这条街统称为“炭巷”。直到20世纪中期,这里都是热闹的煤炭交易市场,当时在渭北是很有名气的。有铜川、耀县、蒲城、白水及富平北部运销煤炭者,赶着“驮子”来这里交易。在炭巷中段与连城东南角有一座土桥,桥上是连城通往县城的便道,与城上南街相接,桥下有一孔窑洞,可以行人,所以县城又名“窑桥寨”。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.8; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">清代富平城池图</p><p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.8; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">富平老城正街也称衙门口,顶部城墙有炮眼炮台(敌台)与四门相接,哨兵可绕城一周巡逻。四门皆为瓮城模式,地面铺青石和沙石磨盘,有陡坡,南门为“启运门”,北门为“带温门”,东门为“华翔门”,西门为“荆踞门”。城上有正街、南街,另有关帝巷、鸳鸯巷、姜米巷、书院巷、王家巷、马家巷、重庆巷、顺城巷……在主要街巷分别有跨路石碑坊、木牌楼等。整体建筑古朴典雅,结构严谨,布局合理,是一座完整的、具有北方特色建筑的老城。</p><p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.8; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">富平县因富庶太平而得名,素有“关中名邑”之称。其历史悠久,秦厉共公二十一年(前456年)设频阳县,县治先后在美原、土木坊、怀阳城等旧址,到元末明初富平县治由义亭城(今华朱旧县)迁至窑桥寨(今富平老城)隶属西安府,李自成建大顺国于西安,富平县治仍然设窑桥寨,一直到1970年5月县委县政府由老城迁至窦村堡。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">老城旧址</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.8; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">这座古县城历经沧桑变迁,随着岁月的流逝,古建筑几乎不见。但古城全貌还巍然屹立。城郭四周虽饱受风霜侵袭或地震破坏,但整体完好无大缺口。城上的大街小巷保持着原来面貌。沿街的县衙、文庙、图书馆、望湖楼、银行、南仓、老剧院、老莲湖学校等基本完整存在。王家巷内的冯志明大院、东门坡南端的陈家大院、当年的郭藩住宅、南街的工商联大院等,还基本保持完整。</p><p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.8; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">富平老城的商业中心是南关老街道,始于明万历八年(1580年)夏,由县令刘兑主持修建的。位置在老城和连城堡以南,由老城南门口向西,至连城堡西城脚下,只有一条东西街道,为东去蒲城,西通三原的要道。明代称南郭,清代称南关镇。旧无城池,同治七年(1868年)知县孙毓林主持,商贾资助,修筑城池,次年竣工。东、南、西三面城墙共长310丈,城高3丈6尺,上宽7尺,雉堞300个,炮台4座;池深宽各2丈,时常有水。辟有东、南、西三门。炭市巷北端筑一东西向城墙,将县城与连城堡的北城墙连接封闭,留有一城门。</p><p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.8; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">清代南关的十字口,有东西长街与炭市巷南端商号铺面交汇,商贾沿街各经一行,店铺各有特色,手工作坊鳞次栉比,并向城外发展,形成了南角市等4个城外市场。炭市巷北段,为当时富平最大的煤炭交易市场,炭市巷因此得名。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">望湖楼</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.8; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">20世纪30年代末期,咸(阳)铜(关)铁路通车,促进了南关街的繁荣。县内各地以及富北数县,乃至黄龙、宜川的大宗物产,源源流集富平南关,经此外运,南关成为富北各县重要的物资集散地。这一繁荣景象一直保持到20世纪60年代。此后,由于新的铁路、公路的建设和延伸,以及各地交通、经济状况的变化,南关街的经济枢纽地位日渐衰弱。</p><p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.8; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">清代邑人李樟《城南即事》诗云:</p><p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.8; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">邑城风物依河阳,</p><p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.8; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">寒食杏花万树香。</p><p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.8; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">十里蒸霞横翠巘,</p><p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.8; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">多时带雨绕虹梁。</p><p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.8; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">酒旗影露烟村晓,</p><p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.8; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">牧笛声流野照长。</p><p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.8; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">柳絮青黄芳草绿,</p><p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.8; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">王孙归路占风光。</p><p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; overflow-x: hidden; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.8; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">这首诗为我们描绘了当时的田园风景,读来回味无穷。(孙喜贵 )</p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section><section style="width: 5px; height: 5px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(232, 73, 63); border-right: 1px solid rgb(232, 73, 63); float: left; border-bottom-color: rgb(232, 73, 63); border-left-color: rgb(232, 73, 63); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px; 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