忠介御史杨爵
<p></p><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 15px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;padding: 15px 20px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.44);height: auto;box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.21) 1px 1px 6px 0px;border-radius: 5px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 25px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.62);letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2.1875em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">杨爵，字伯修，号斛山，明陕西西安府耀州富平县（今陕西省富平县老庙镇笃祜村）人，生于明孝宗弘治六年（公元1493年），著名理学家。自幼家贫却耕读自励，二十岁始读书，常常燃薪代烛，田间劳作时也挟册以读。师从关学大师朝邑韩邦奇，习诗书，重节品，学问与品德兼修，与杨继盛并称“韩门二杨”。嘉靖七年（公元1528年）秋，在长安乡试中脱颖而出，列书经科第三。</span></p></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 50px 0px 25px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 45px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;background-color: rgb(26, 140, 205);padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 2px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(239, 74, 58);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(253, 253, 253);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">首次进谏：为民请命显担当</span></strong></span></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: perspective(0px);-webkit-transform: perspective(0px);-moz-transform: perspective(0px);-o-transform: perspective(0px);transform-style: flat;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px;line-height: 0;transform: rotateY(180deg);-webkit-transform: rotateY(180deg);-moz-transform: rotateY(180deg);-o-transform: rotateY(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 45px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 15px 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;padding: 15px 20px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.44);height: auto;box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.21) 1px 1px 6px 0px;border-radius: 5px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 25px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.62);letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2.1875em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">嘉靖八年（公元1529年），37岁的杨爵考中进士，从此踏上仕途，初授行人司行人。行人一职虽品阶不高，却是朝廷使者，常代表天子出行，在出使兰州肃府、河南伊府、湖南吉府期间，面对藩王的丰厚馈赠，杨爵不为所动，高洁品行赢得藩王敬重。虽无上报民情职责，可他心怀苍生，耳闻目睹了当地百姓“提筐操刀，割取路边死尸以食”的悲惨生活后，忧心如焚，寝食不安，拍案长叹，愤然提笔，向嘉靖皇帝上《固邦本疏》:“民惟邦本，本固邦宁。民意离散，邦本不固，土崩之势可以立待。纵使周公之礼尽行于今日，有何补救百姓之饥饿者”。他饱含眷眷爱民情、殷殷为国心的恳切谏词，得到了当时还励精图治、虚心纳谏的明世宗的采纳，千千万万的饥民在开仓赈济中得以活命。杨爵也因此崭露头角，于嘉靖十一年(1532)被提拔为山东道监察御史。</span></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 50px 0px 25px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 45px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;background-color: rgb(26, 140, 205);padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 2px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(239, 74, 58);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(253, 253, 253);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">二次进谏：冒死直谏撼九重</span></strong></span></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: perspective(0px);-webkit-transform: perspective(0px);-moz-transform: perspective(0px);-o-transform: perspective(0px);transform-style: flat;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px;line-height: 0;transform: rotateY(180deg);-webkit-transform: rotateY(180deg);-moz-transform: rotateY(180deg);-o-transform: rotateY(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 45px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 15px 0px 50px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;padding: 15px 20px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.44);height: auto;box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.21) 1px 1px 6px 0px;border-radius: 5px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 25px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.62);letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2.1875em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">嘉靖十九年(1540)为母守孝期满后复入朝，授河南道监察御史。这时的大明王朝，政治腐败，弊端从生，迷信风行，忠臣遭诛，贪奸当道，民饿国疲，人心危乱。昏庸的嘉靖皇帝不思救国为民，却欲长生不老而沉迷于巫术和修仙炼丹之中，经年不视朝，由四岁太子监国。面对如此乱象，太仆寺卿杨最谏言，却惨遭杖死。但杨爵没有畏惧退缩，怀着满腔赤诚，于嘉靖二十年（公元1541年）上疏《隆治道疏》，言辞激烈地痛陈朝廷“任用非人，兴作未已，朝讲不亲，信用方术，阻抑言路”等五大弊端，希望嘉靖帝能幡然醒悟，挽救“失人心、致危乱”的危局。此疏如惊雷，直接触怒嘉靖帝，杨爵当即被<span class="">下诏狱</span>，遭受严刑拷打，血肉横飞，昏死一夜才苏醒，即便如此，仍被镣铐禁锢，禁止家人探望，断绝饮食，几近死亡。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2.1875em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">即便身处绝境，杨爵也从未屈服。主事周天佐、御史浦鋐仗义执言，上疏解救，却先后被杖死狱中，此后无人再敢为杨爵发声。但他在狱中与<span class="">工部员外郎</span>刘魁、给事中周怡相互砥砺，讲学论道，著成《周易辨说》《中庸解》，将自己的思想与感悟留存后世。嘉靖二十四年（公元1545年）八月，因方士扶乩预言，杨爵暂时获释，可尚书熊浃上疏揭露扶仙之妄后，他回家仅十日就又被逮捕入狱。直至嘉靖二十六年（公元1547年）十一月，大高玄殿火灾，嘉靖帝祷于露台，似闻呼杨爵等为忠臣之声，才下诏释放他。至此，他已遭受长达七年的牢狱之灾</span></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 50px 0px 25px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 45px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;background-color: rgb(26, 140, 205);padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 2px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(239, 74, 58);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(253, 253, 253);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">扬名后世：铁骨精神耀史册</span></strong></span></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: perspective(0px);-webkit-transform: perspective(0px);-moz-transform: perspective(0px);-o-transform: perspective(0px);transform-style: flat;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px;line-height: 0;transform: rotateY(180deg);-webkit-transform: rotateY(180deg);-moz-transform: rotateY(180deg);-o-transform: rotateY(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 45px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin: 15px 0px 50px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;padding: 15px 20px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.44);height: auto;box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.21) 1px 1px 6px 0px;border-radius: 5px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 25px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.62);letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2.1875em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">嘉靖二十八年（公元1549年），杨爵在家中逝世，享年五十七岁。临终前，他在自作墓志铭中感慨：“平生欲作天下第一等人而志不逮；欲为天下第一等事而力不及！”其谦逊与壮志未酬的遗憾令人唏嘘。直至隆庆元年（公元1567年），穆宗朱载坖为其平反昭雪，追赠奉仪大夫、<span class="">光禄寺少卿</span>。万历二十年（公元1592年），神宗朱翊钧赐谥号“忠介”，令省、府、州，县为其修祠纪念，肯定他忠诚耿介的一生。他与海瑞为同期诤臣，时有“北杨南海”之称。清康熙皇帝为杨爵题赠：“杨忠介公明代事，关西夫子清世称”。清代学者在编撰<span class="">《明史》</span>时，为他单独列传，盛赞其“以死争天下大体”。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2.1875em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">**在点评《明史·杨爵列传》时写道：“靡不有初”。引用《诗经·大雅·荡》中“靡不有初，鲜克有终”的略写，指出中国绝大部分封建帝王很少能始终如一励精图治的通病，点出了历史发展的规律，赞赏了杨爵的谏言政见，为御史杨爵与嘉靖皇帝这组矛盾做了公正结论。</span></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><section style="margin: 25px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.62);letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2.1875em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">在富平县老庙镇笃祜村，明万历时即建有杨爵祠，后几经修缮，展陈了杨爵相关的史籍、碑石题刻、生平故事等，表达着人们对于这位“关西夫子”的敬重和尊崇。目前，杨爵祠已经是县级重点文物保护单位、富平县廉政教育基地、富平县关心下一代传统文化教育基地、老庙镇中小学幼儿园德育教育基地。</span></p></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""></section></section><section style="margin: 25px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.62);letter-spacing: 1.5px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2.1875em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">杨爵以监察御史之身，书写了一部震撼人心的忠义廉直史诗。他的一生，是对“苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之”的生动诠释，更是跨越时空的精神火炬。他以生命诠释监察御史“为民喉舌、为君耳目”的职责，这份忠于国家、心系百姓、刚正不阿的品格，以及“宁鸣而死，不默而生”的英勇气节，不仅在明代官场树立起巍峨丰碑，更化作中华民族精神血脉中的永恒力量，激励着后人在追求公平正义、清正廉洁的道路上，永葆赤子之心，勇担时代重任。</span></p></section></section></section></section><p></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.dafuping.cn/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_c9d" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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