彭辉 | 流曲古墓拾遗
<p style="margin: 5px 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong><span style="color: red; font-family: 黑体; font-size: 22px;">流曲古墓拾遗</span></strong><span style="color: red; font-family: 黑体; font-size: 22px;"></span></p><p style="margin: 5px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"></p><p style="margin: 5px 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; line-height: 27px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="color: rgb(35, 120, 132); font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">文/彭辉</span></p><p style="margin: 5px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"></p><p style="margin: 5px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; line-height: 27px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br></p><p style="margin: 5px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"></p><p style="margin: 10px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong><span>明吏部尚书孙丕扬墓 <span> </span></span></strong><span>孙丕扬，字孝叔，号立山，<span style="color: teal;">富平县</span>流曲镇南街孙家堡人，生于明嘉靖十年</span><span>（1531）</span><span>二月，嘉靖三十五年</span><span>丙辰科进士，</span><span>历任行人、浙江道御史、保定巡抚、应天府尹、大理寺卿、户部左侍郎、</span><span>南京右都御史、</span><span>刑部尚书、都察院左都御史、吏部尚书加太子少保</span><span>（从一品）</span><span>，</span><span>世称</span><span>孙都堂，八十一岁拜疏挂冠出都归隐故里。《明神宗实录》第523卷载：</span><strong><span style="color: rgb(29, 138, 141); font-family: 楷体; font-size: 16px;">“万历四十二年</span></strong><span>（1614）</span><strong><span style="color: rgb(29, 138, 141); font-family: 楷体; font-size: 16px;">八月，太子少保吏部尚书孙丕扬卒，如例赐祭葬，还与他谥。至是卒，享年八十三岁，葬富平流曲镇北。”</span></strong><span>一年后追赠太子太保</span><span>（正一品）</span><span>，天启五年谥恭介。</span><span>孙丕扬墓</span><span>位于</span><span>流曲镇</span><span>北门外路东台塬上，西临蔡阳河，东挎漫水沟，北依高埝崖，南望流曲川，形如太师椅，堪称好风水吉壤。昔时墓园围墙壁垒松柏苍翠，神道旁石人石马石羊栩栩如生，冢前石刻肖像肃立，石牌楼高耸，功德碑数通。据说墓园围墙及树木毁于清末至民国间，而墓冢石牌坊石相生则毁于文革。其时仅有两孔石箍墓，里面填满黄土，并无遗骨及墓志。当地传说真墓在河南，这似无可能。实则孙丕扬衣冠冢在河北涞水佛祖山，推测与其曾任保定巡抚有关。万历四十六年五月，一品诰命夫人田氏病故，诰命</span><strong><span style="color: teal; font-family: 楷体; font-size: 16px;">“予原任吏部尚书孙丕扬妻田氏祭一坛，开圹合葬丕扬列名并祭。”</span></strong><span>其时，或因规制修墓恐扰先灵而另修假冢，或缘孙公遗言以假冢障人耳目。</span></p><p style="margin: 5px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"></p><p style="margin: 5px 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><img class="rich_pages" style="width: 357px; height: 354px;" src="http://app.dafuping.cn/core/attachment/attachment/img?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2Ficukl6DVUWQliaHqClXAeal8BFs9ibHQkWfgKEYZibCOzaAsGk81KYickiar8f1rCjrIm8OBp6JZ6whhot9iarhrAtFsg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" data-w="357" data-type="jpeg" data-s="300,640" data-ratio="0.988795518207283" data-cropy2="354" data-cropy1="0" data-cropx2="357" data-cropx1="0" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icukl6DVUWQliaHqClXAeal8BFs9ibHQkWfThsfcoyJUicML68VHct8Q7ibicdGy0cAjcg9OrfRj0pw4CTkHyzbZzHGg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg"></p><p style="margin: 5px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"></p><p style="margin: 10px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong><span>清广西按察使张国樑墓 <span> </span></span></strong><span>张将军名国樑，字显斋，频阳县</span><span>（今富平）</span><span>留村人，生于明万历三十三年</span><span>（1602）</span><span>四月初四</span><span>，少有大志，明末科第授宁夏别驾，任满授焟驲驿宰，迁河南汤阴县尉，乱世避隐山中。清初复出任福建仙游县尉，擢升宁波府照磨，官至广西按察使</span><span>（正三品）</span><span>，世称张将军。卒于清康熙二年</span><span>（1663）</span><span>十二月二十五日</span><span>，享年六十四岁。张将军墓位于流曲镇东北留村孙家堡南一里许埝下，当地人称张将军</span><span>坟</span><span>，是为留村孙家堡张姓先祖墓。又因冢前竖有三通石碑，民间俗称“三通碑”。张将军墓文革遭挖掘，一条斜沟通墓门，昏暗中进去是宽阔的明庭，一色青石拱券，迎面五孔墓室洞开着，居中最大者为墓主灵寝。墓志铭现存于孙家堡张某后院，字迹斑驳依稀可辨。</span></p><p style="margin: 5px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"></p><p style="margin: 10px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong><span>清大理寺少卿张冲翼墓 <span> </span></span></strong><span>张冲翼，字颜渊，又扶九，流曲东街择礼堡人</span><span>（石扁名曰“里仁居”）</span><span>，出生年月不详，少时求学长安，前明壬午科举人，由教谕升平武知县。清顺治间擢升河南道监察御史，后调任长芦</span><span>（天津）</span><span>盐政御史。康熙十二年三月圣祖亲试京官，张冲翼名列第一，荐历大理寺少卿，旋即因病辞归故里，康熙二十六年</span><span>（1687）</span><span>六月病逝于家中。张冲翼墓位于流曲镇东康家村公路南埝下，仅存凹陷孤冢，疑为昔时盗墓痕迹，因其字颜渊之故当地谐称“张元元坟”。民间传说张元元犯罪被砍头，其女为父铸金头厚葬。文革掘坟围观者甚众，看似坟头不大却墓室宏伟，全部条石拱券，明庭宽阔，暗庭幽深，足可见墓主身份显赫。掘墓者说遗骨身首完整，仅发现少量金银首饰等随葬品，并无传说中的金头。据考，“砍头”一说纯属杜撰，《康熙实录》载文对张冲翼评价颇高，概无犯罪之说。所谓“金头”传说，或因张冲翼身为前明臣子却当了清朝的官，又身染麻风病颜面蜡黄肿胀，故而落下话柄骂名。</span></p><p style="margin: 5px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"></p><p style="margin: 5px 0px; text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><img class="rich_pages" src="http://app.dafuping.cn/core/attachment/attachment/img?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2Ficukl6DVUWQliaHqClXAeal8BFs9ibHQkWfY5OpNbNEEDPQUU0t3Tibia9ERFwKBWt4dOGU0L5hl4vChvGGrOsyicJJw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg" data-w="440" data-type="jpeg" data-s="300,640" data-ratio="0.7454545454545455"></p><p></p>
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